In a journal article published this summer, Dr. Deborah B. Gardner wrote of four myths that American voters are obsessed with, and are desperately clinging to at all costs.

Academics love to do postmortem studies on elections, using facts, figures, trends, and statistics to demonstrate any number of ideas or theories. More rarely, like this article, academics occasionally jump into the middle of a race with ideas and analysis.

PORTLAND, ORE. - In a major victory for the California-based Independent Voter Protect (authors of California’s 2010 groundbreaking nonpartisan primary system), the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals echoed a lower court's decision Monday to uphold Hawaii's open primary system. The court ruled that the Democratic Party of Hawaii failed to provide sufficient evidence that state election law severely violates its First Amendment right to association.

The 2016 election has come down to just one question in many political circles, 'just what makes a candidate viable enough to be included in the debates?'

This is true at the national, state, and local levels. And there needs to be an equitable and balanced answer.

On one hand, a complete shutout of only allowing the two major parties to debate is obviously an extreme, but on the other, the 2016 Republican primary showed what happens when more than a dozen were vying to get on the debate stage -- resolved only by having the 'grown-up' and 'kid's table' debate forums.