On Thursday, January 15, oral arguments were made before the California State Appeals Court in San Francisco in the case

Rubin v. Bowen. Third parties continue to challenge the nonpartisan, top-two open primary in the state, claiming that the system violates the association rights of political parties and disenfranchises third-party voters in the general election.

John Locke’s account of justice, featuring equality and liberty, is surely the philosophical work with the greatest influence on Modern culture. The triumph of parliamentarianism in England, the “truths” held to be “self-evident” in the Declaration of Independence, and the “

Liberté” and “Egalité” of the French Revolution attest to it.

These days, in ‘the West,’ we don’t give the existence of political democracy a second thought. It seems perfectly natural. When the modern idea of democracy was being debated and formulated, however, it was a different story. Back then, the idea of ‘the people’ governing themselves was downright revolutionary.

The task of prior generations, stretching back a long ways, has been to establish and to grow democracy in the political process, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Could it be that the task for now and the future is to apply that principle to the economy? It can be done.